RAW (Camera Raw Image)
RAW is a generic term for unprocessed image data captured directly from a camera's sensor. Each camera manufacturer uses its own RAW format (CR2, NEF, ARW, DNG). RAW files contain maximum image data for professional post-processing and color grading.
MIME Type
image/x-raw
Type
Binary
Compression
Lossless
Advantages
- + Maximum dynamic range and color data
- + Non-destructive editing with full flexibility
- + 12-14 bit depth for precise color grading
- + White balance adjustable after capture
Disadvantages
- − Very large file sizes (20-60 MB per image)
- − Requires specialized software to view and edit
- − Proprietary formats vary by camera maker
When to Use .RAW
Use RAW capture for professional photography when maximum post-processing flexibility is needed. Convert to JPEG or TIFF for delivery.
Technical Details
RAW files store 12-14 bit sensor data before demosaicing, white balance, or gamma correction. They typically include Bayer pattern data, EXIF metadata, and an embedded JPEG preview.
History
RAW capture became common with professional digital cameras in the early 2000s. Adobe introduced DNG (Digital Negative) in 2004 as an open standard for RAW data.